Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Market 2020 by Manufacturers, Countries, Type and Application, Forecast to 2026

  • receipt Report ID : 19922
  • calendar_today Published On: Mar, 2020
  • file_copy Pages: 117
  • list Services
Buy @ $3480
Intelligent vehicle technologies comprise electronic, electromechanical, and electromagnetic devices - usually silicon micromachined components operating in conjunction with computer-controlled devices and radio transceivers to provide precision repeatability functions emergency warning validation performance reconstruction.

Scope of the Report:
Intelligent vehicle technologies commonly apply to car safety systems and self-contained autonomous electromechanical sensors generating warnings that can be transmitted within a specified targeted area of interest, say within 100 meters of the transceiver.
The global Intelligent Driving Technologies market is valued at xx million USD in 2020 and is expected to reach xx million USD by the end of 2026, growing at a CAGR of xx% between 2020 and 2026.
The Asia-Pacific will occupy for more market share in following years, especially in China, also fast growing India and Southeast Asia regions.
North America, especially The United States, will still play an important role which cannot be ignored. Any changes from United States might affect the development trend of Intelligent Driving Technologies.
Europe also play important roles in global market, with market size of xx million USD in 2020 and will be xx million USD in 2026, with a CAGR of xx%.
This report studies the Intelligent Driving Technologies market status and outlook of Global and major regions, from angles of players, countries, product types and end industries; this report analyzes the top players in global market, and splits the Intelligent Driving Technologies market by product type and applications/end industries.

Market Segment by Companies, this report covers
Eaton
GKN
Dana
Oerlikon
Ford
ZF
Continental
Magna International
Borgwarner
Jtekt
AAM

Market Segment by Regions, regional analysis covers
North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia)
Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

Market Segment by Type, covers
LKA
PAS/RAS
CAS/BAS
ACC
NVS
Others

Market Segment by Applications, can be divided into
Passenger Cars
Commercial Vehicles
Others
Frequently Asked Questions

The base year for the study has been considered 2019, historic year 2014 and 2018, the forecast period considered is from 2020 to 2027. The regions analyzed for the market include North America, Europe, South America, Asia Pacific, and Middle East and Africa. These regions are further analyzed at the country-level. The study also includes attractiveness analysis of type, application and regions which are benchmarked based on their market size, growth rate and attractiveness in terms of present and future opportunity for understanding the future growth of the market.

Market is segmented on the basis:

  • By Type
  • By Application
  • By Region
  • By Country
  • By Manufacturer

The report offers in-depth analysis of driving factors, opportunities, restraints, and challenges for gaining the key insight of the market. The report emphasizes on all the key trends that play a vital role in the enlargement of the market from 2019 to 2026.

The report provides company profile of the key players operating in the market and a comparative analysis based on their business overviews industry offering, segment market share, regional presence, business strategies, innovations, mergers & acquisitions, recent developments, joint venture, collaborations, partnerships, SWOT analysis, and key financial information.

Table of Contents
1 Intelligent Driving Technologies Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Intelligent Driving Technologies
1.2 Classification of Intelligent Driving Technologies by Types
1.2.1 Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Comparison by Types (2017-2023)
1.2.2 Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share by Types in 2019
1.2.3 LKA
1.2.4 PAS/RAS
1.2.5 CAS/BAS
1.2.6 ACC
1.2.7 NVS
1.2.8 Others
1.3 Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Market by Application
1.3.1 Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Market Size and Market Share Comparison by Applications (2015-2026)
1.3.2 Passenger Cars
1.3.3 Commercial Vehicles
1.3.4 Others
1.4 Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Market by Regions
1.4.1 Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Market Size (Million USD) Comparison by Regions (2015-2026)
1.4.1 North America (USA, Canada and Mexico) Intelligent Driving Technologies Status and Prospect (2015-2026)
1.4.2 Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy) Intelligent Driving Technologies Status and Prospect (2015-2026)
1.4.3 Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia) Intelligent Driving Technologies Status and Prospect (2015-2026)
1.4.4 South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia) Intelligent Driving Technologies Status and Prospect (2015-2026)
1.4.5 Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa) Intelligent Driving Technologies Status and Prospect (2015-2026)
1.5 Global Market Size of Intelligent Driving Technologies (2015-2026)
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Eaton
2.1.1 Business Overview
2.1.2 Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
2.1.2.1 Product A
2.1.2.2 Product B
2.1.3 Eaton Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
2.2 GKN
2.2.1 Business Overview
2.2.2 Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
2.2.2.1 Product A
2.2.2.2 Product B
2.2.3 GKN Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
2.3 Dana
2.3.1 Business Overview
2.3.2 Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
2.3.2.1 Product A
2.3.2.2 Product B
2.3.3 Dana Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
2.4 Oerlikon
2.4.1 Business Overview
2.4.2 Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
2.4.2.1 Product A
2.4.2.2 Product B
2.4.3 Oerlikon Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
2.5 Ford
2.5.1 Business Overview
2.5.2 Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
2.5.2.1 Product A
2.5.2.2 Product B
2.5.3 Ford Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
2.6 ZF
2.6.1 Business Overview
2.6.2 Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
2.6.2.1 Product A
2.6.2.2 Product B
2.6.3 ZF Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
2.7 Continental
2.7.1 Business Overview
2.7.2 Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
2.7.2.1 Product A
2.7.2.2 Product B
2.7.3 Continental Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
2.8 Magna International
2.8.1 Business Overview
2.8.2 Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
2.8.2.1 Product A
2.8.2.2 Product B
2.8.3 Magna International Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
2.9 Borgwarner
2.9.1 Business Overview
2.9.2 Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
2.9.2.1 Product A
2.9.2.2 Product B
2.9.3 Borgwarner Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
2.10 Jtekt
2.10.1 Business Overview
2.10.2 Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
2.10.2.1 Product A
2.10.2.2 Product B
2.10.3 Jtekt Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
2.11 AAM
2.11.1 Business Overview
2.11.2 Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
2.11.2.1 Product A
2.11.2.2 Product B
2.11.3 AAM Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
3 Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Market Competition, by Players
3.1 Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Share by Players (2015-2020)
3.2 Market Concentration Rate
3.2.1 Top 5 Intelligent Driving Technologies Players Market Share
3.2.2 Top 10 Intelligent Driving Technologies Players Market Share
3.3 Market Competition Trend
4 Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Market Size by Regions
4.1 Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Market Share by Regions
4.2 North America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
4.3 Europe Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
4.5 South America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
5 North America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue by Countries
5.1 North America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
5.2 USA Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
5.3 Canada Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
5.4 Mexico Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6 Europe Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue by Countries
6.1 Europe Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
6.2 Germany Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.3 UK Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.4 France Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.5 Russia Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.6 Italy Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7 Asia-Pacific Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue by Countries
7.1 Asia-Pacific Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
7.2 China Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.3 Japan Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.4 Korea Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.5 India Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.6 Southeast Asia Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8 South America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue by Countries
8.1 South America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
8.2 Brazil Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.3 Argentina Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.4 Colombia Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9 Middle East and Africa Revenue Intelligent Driving Technologies by Countries
9.1 Middle East and Africa Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
9.2 Saudi Arabia Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.3 UAE Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.4 Egypt Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.5 Nigeria Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.6 South Africa Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10 Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Market Segment by Type
10.1 Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
10.2 Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Market Forecast by Type (2018-2023)
10.3 LKA Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2026)
10.4 PAS/RAS Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2026)
10.5 CAS/BAS Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2026)
10.6 ACC Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2026)
10.7 NVS Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2026)
10.8 Others Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2026)
11 Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Market Segment by Application
11.1 Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
11.2 Intelligent Driving Technologies Market Forecast by Application (2018-2023)
11.3 Passenger Cars Revenue Growth (2015-2020)
11.4 Commercial Vehicles Revenue Growth (2015-2020)
11.5 Others Revenue Growth (2015-2020)
12 Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Market Size Forecast (2018-2023)
12.1 Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Market Size Forecast (2018-2023)
12.2 Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Market Forecast by Regions (2018-2023)
12.3 North America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Forecast (2018-2023)
12.4 Europe Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Forecast (2018-2023)
12.5 Asia-Pacific Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Forecast (2018-2023)
12.6 South America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Forecast (2018-2023)
12.7 Middle East and Africa Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Forecast (2018-2023)
13 Research Findings and Conclusion
14 Appendix
14.1 Methodology
14.2 Data Source
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Intelligent Driving Technologies Picture
Table Product Specifications of Intelligent Driving Technologies
Table Global Intelligent Driving Technologies and Revenue (Million USD) Market Split by Product Type
Figure Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share by Types in 2019
Figure LKA Picture
Figure PAS/RAS Picture
Figure CAS/BAS Picture
Figure ACC Picture
Figure NVS Picture
Figure Others Picture
Table Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue (Million USD) by Application (2015-2026)
Figure Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share by Applications in 2019
Figure Passenger Cars Picture
Figure Commercial Vehicles Picture
Figure Others Picture
Table Global Market Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Comparison by Regions 2015-2026
Figure North America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2015-2026)
Figure Europe Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2015-2026)
Figure Asia-Pacific Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2015-2026)
Figure South America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2015-2026)
Figure Middle East and Africa Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2015-2026)
Figure Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2015-2026)
Table Eaton Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Eaton Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
Table Eaton Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table GKN Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table GKN Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
Table GKN Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table Dana Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Dana Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
Table Dana Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table Oerlikon Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Oerlikon Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
Table Oerlikon Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table Ford Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Ford Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
Table Ford Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table ZF Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table ZF Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
Table ZF Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table Continental Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Continental Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
Table Continental Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table Magna International Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Magna International Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
Table Magna International Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table Borgwarner Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Borgwarner Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
Table Borgwarner Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table Jtekt Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Jtekt Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
Table Jtekt Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table AAM Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table AAM Intelligent Driving Technologies Type and Applications
Table AAM Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue (Million USD) by Players (2015-2020)
Table Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Share by Players (2015-2020)
Figure Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Share by Players in 2019
Figure Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Share by Players in 2019
Figure Global Top 5 Players Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share in 2019
Figure Global Top 10 Players Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share in 2019
Figure Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%) (2015-2020)
Table Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue (Million USD) by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure North America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table North America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
Table North America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure North America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure North America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure USA Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Canada Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Mexico Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Europe Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue (Million USD) by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure Germany Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure UK Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure France Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Russia Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Italy Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Asia-Pacific Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue (Million USD) by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure China Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Japan Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Korea Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure India Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Southeast Asia Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table South America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
Table South America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure South America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure South America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure Brazil Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Argentina Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Colombia Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue (Million USD) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure Saudi Arabia Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure UAE Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Egypt Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Nigeria Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Africa Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2015-2020)
Table Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Share by Type (2015-2020)
Figure Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Share by Type (2015-2020)
Figure Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Share by Type in 2019
Table Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Forecast by Type (2018-2023)
Figure Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Market Share Forecast by Type (2018-2023)
Figure Global LKA Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global PAS/RAS Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global CAS/BAS Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global ACC Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global NVS Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Others Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue by Application (2015-2020)
Table Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Share by Application (2015-2020)
Figure Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Share by Application (2015-2020)
Figure Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Share by Application in 2019
Table Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Forecast by Application (2018-2023)
Figure Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Market Share Forecast by Application (2018-2023)
Figure Global Passenger Cars Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Commercial Vehicles Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Others Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2018 -2023)
Table Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Forecast by Regions (2018-2023)
Figure Global Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Share Forecast by Regions (2018-2023)
Figure North America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure Europe Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure Asia-Pacific Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure South America Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure Middle East and Africa Intelligent Driving Technologies Revenue Market Forecast (2018-2023)