Market Overview
The Endocrine Peptides Test market report provides a detailed analysis of global market size, regional and country-level market size, segmentation market growth, market share, competitive Landscape, sales analysis, impact of domestic and global market players, value chain optimization, trade regulations, recent developments, opportunities analysis, strategic market growth analysis, product launches, area marketplace expanding, and technological innovations.
The global Endocrine Peptides Test market size is expected to gain market growth in the forecast period of 2020 to 2025, with a CAGR of xx%% in the forecast period of 2020 to 2025 and will expected to reach USD xx million by 2025, from USD xx million in 2019.
Market segmentation
Endocrine Peptides Test market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2015-2025, the growth among segments provide accurate calculations and forecasts for sales by Type and by Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.
By Type, Endocrine Peptides Test market has been segmented into:
Estradiol (E2)
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAS)
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Progesterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Thyroid Prolactin
Others
By Application, Endocrine Peptides Test has been segmented into:
Hospitals
Physicians’ offices
Commercial Laboratories
Health Care Centers
Regions and Countries Level Analysis
Regional analysis is another highly comprehensive part of the research and analysis study of the global Endocrine Peptides Test market presented in the report. This section sheds light on the sales growth of different regional and country-level Endocrine Peptides Test markets. For the historical and forecast period 2015 to 2025, it provides detailed and accurate country-wise volume analysis and region-wise market size analysis of the global Endocrine Peptides Test market.
The report offers in-depth assessment of the growth and other aspects of the Endocrine Peptides Test market in important countries (regions), including:
North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia and Australia)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia)
Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)
Competitive Landscape and Endocrine Peptides Test Market Share Analysis
Endocrine Peptides Test competitive landscape provides details by vendors, including company overview, company total revenue (financials), market potential, global presence, Endocrine Peptides Test sales and revenue generated, market share, price, production sites and facilities, SWOT analysis, product launch. For the period 2015-2020, this study provides the Endocrine Peptides Test sales, revenue and market share for each player covered in this report.
The major players covered in Endocrine Peptides Test are:
Quest Diagnostics
bioMerieux
Siemens Healthcare
Abbott Laboratories
Among other players domestic and global, Endocrine Peptides Test market share data is available for global, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East & Africa and South America separately. Our analysts understand competitive strengths and provide competitive analysis for each competitor separately.
The base year for the study has been considered 2019, historic year 2014 and 2018, the forecast period considered is from 2020 to 2027. The regions analyzed for the market include North America, Europe, South America, Asia Pacific, and Middle East and Africa. These regions are further analyzed at the country-level. The study also includes attractiveness analysis of type, application and regions which are benchmarked based on their market size, growth rate and attractiveness in terms of present and future opportunity for understanding the future growth of the market.
Market is segmented on the basis:
The report offers in-depth analysis of driving factors, opportunities, restraints, and challenges for gaining the key insight of the market. The report emphasizes on all the key trends that play a vital role in the enlargement of the market from 2019 to 2026.
The report provides company profile of the key players operating in the market and a comparative analysis based on their business overviews industry offering, segment market share, regional presence, business strategies, innovations, mergers & acquisitions, recent developments, joint venture, collaborations, partnerships, SWOT analysis, and key financial information.
1 Endocrine Peptides Test Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Endocrine Peptides Test
1.2 Classification of Endocrine Peptides Test by Type
1.2.1 Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue by Type: 2015 VS 2019 VS 2025
1.2.2 Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share by Type in 2019
1.2.3 Estradiol (E2)
1.2.4 Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAS)
1.2.5 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
1.2.6 Progesterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
1.2.7 Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
1.2.8 Thyroid Prolactin
1.2.9 Others
1.3 Global Endocrine Peptides Test Market by Application
1.3.1 Overview: Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue by Application: 2015 VS 2019 VS 2025
1.3.2 Hospitals
1.3.3 Physicians’ offices
1.3.4 Commercial Laboratories
1.3.5 Health Care Centers
1.4 Global Endocrine Peptides Test Market by Regions
1.4.1 Global Endocrine Peptides Test Market Size by Regions: 2015 VS 2019 VS 2025
1.4.2 Global Market Size of Endocrine Peptides Test (2015-2025)
1.4.3 North America (USA, Canada and Mexico) Endocrine Peptides Test Status and Prospect (2015-2025)
1.4.4 Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy) Endocrine Peptides Test Status and Prospect (2015-2025)
1.4.5 Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia) Endocrine Peptides Test Status and Prospect (2015-2025)
1.4.6 South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia) Endocrine Peptides Test Status and Prospect (2015-2025)
1.4.7 Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa) Endocrine Peptides Test Status and Prospect (2015-2025)
2 Company Profiles
2.1 Quest Diagnostics
2.1.1 Quest Diagnostics Details
2.1.2 Quest Diagnostics Major Business
2.1.3 Quest Diagnostics SWOT Analysis
2.1.4 Quest Diagnostics Product and Services
2.1.5 Quest Diagnostics Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
2.2 bioMerieux
2.2.1 bioMerieux Details
2.2.2 bioMerieux Major Business
2.2.3 bioMerieux SWOT Analysis
2.2.4 bioMerieux Product and Services
2.2.5 bioMerieux Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
2.3 Siemens Healthcare
2.3.1 Siemens Healthcare Details
2.3.2 Siemens Healthcare Major Business
2.3.3 Siemens Healthcare SWOT Analysis
2.3.4 Siemens Healthcare Product and Services
2.3.5 Siemens Healthcare Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
2.4 Abbott Laboratories
2.4.1 Abbott Laboratories Details
2.4.2 Abbott Laboratories Major Business
2.4.3 Abbott Laboratories SWOT Analysis
2.4.4 Abbott Laboratories Product and Services
2.4.5 Abbott Laboratories Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
3 Market Competition, by Players
3.1 Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Share by Players (2015-2020)
3.2 Market Concentration Rate
3.2.1 Top 5 Endocrine Peptides Test Players Market Share
3.2.2 Top 10 Endocrine Peptides Test Players Market Share
3.3 Market Competition Trend
4 Market Size by Regions
4.1 Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Market Share by Regions
4.2 North America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
4.3 Europe Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
4.5 South America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
4.6 Middle East & Africa Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
5 North America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue by Countries
5.1 North America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
5.2 USA Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
5.3 Canada Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
5.4 Mexico Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6 Europe Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue by Countries
6.1 Europe Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
6.2 Germany Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.3 UK Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.4 France Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.5 Russia Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.6 Italy Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7 Asia-Pacific Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue by Regions
7.1 Asia-Pacific Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
7.2 China Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.3 Japan Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.4 Korea Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.5 India Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.6 Southeast Asia Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8 South America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue by Countries
8.1 South America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
8.2 Brazil Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.3 Argentina Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9 Middle East & Africa Revenue Endocrine Peptides Test by Countries
9.1 Middle East & Africa Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
9.2 Saudi Arabia Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.3 UAE Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.4 Egypt Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.5 South Africa Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10 Market Size Segment by Type
10.1 Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
10.2 Global Endocrine Peptides Test Market Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
10.3 Estradiol (E2) Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2025)
10.4 Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAS) Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2025)
10.5 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2025)
10.6 Progesterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2025)
10.7 Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2025)
10.8 Thyroid Prolactin Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2025)
10.9 Others Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2025)
11 Global Endocrine Peptides Test Market Segment by Application
11.1 Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
11.2 Endocrine Peptides Test Market Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
11.3 Hospitals Revenue Growth (2015-2020)
11.4 Physicians’ offices Revenue Growth (2015-2020)
11.5 Commercial Laboratories Revenue Growth (2015-2020)
11.6 Health Care Centers Revenue Growth (2015-2020)
12 Global Endocrine Peptides Test Market Size Forecast (2021-2025)
12.1 Global Endocrine Peptides Test Market Size Forecast (2021-2025)
12.2 Global Endocrine Peptides Test Market Forecast by Regions (2021-2025)
12.3 North America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Forecast (2021-2025)
12.4 Europe Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Forecast (2021-2025)
12.5 Asia-Pacific Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Forecast (2021-2025)
12.6 South America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Forecast (2021-2025)
12.7 Middle East & Africa Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Forecast (2021-2025)
13 Research Findings and Conclusion
14 Appendix
14.1 Methodology
14.2 Data Source
14.3 Disclaimer
14.4 About US
List of Tables
Table 1. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (USD Million) by Type: 2015 VS 2019 VS 2025
Table 2. Breakdown of Endocrine Peptides Test by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
Table 3. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (USD Million) by Application: 2015 VS 2019 VS 2025
Table 4. Global Market Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (Million USD) Comparison by Regions 2015-2025
Table 5. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Market Size and Growth Estimation in Various Scenarios in 2020
Table 6. Quest Diagnostics Corporate Information, Location and Competitors
Table 7. Quest Diagnostics Endocrine Peptides Test Major Business
Table 8. Quest Diagnostics Endocrine Peptides Test Total Revenue (USD Million) (2017-2018)
Table 9. Quest Diagnostics SWOT Analysis
Table 10. Quest Diagnostics Endocrine Peptides Test Product and Solutions
Table 11. Quest Diagnostics Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table 12. bioMerieux Corporate Information, Location and Competitors
Table 13. bioMerieux Endocrine Peptides Test Major Business
Table 14. bioMerieux Endocrine Peptides Test Total Revenue (USD Million) (2018-2019)
Table 15. bioMerieux SWOT Analysis
Table 16. bioMerieux Endocrine Peptides Test Product and Solutions
Table 17. bioMerieux Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table 18. Siemens Healthcare Corporate Information, Location and Competitors
Table 19. Siemens Healthcare Endocrine Peptides Test Major Business
Table 20. Siemens Healthcare Endocrine Peptides Test Total Revenue (USD Million) (2017-2018)
Table 21. Siemens Healthcare SWOT Analysis
Table 22. Siemens Healthcare Endocrine Peptides Test Product and Solutions
Table 23. Siemens Healthcare Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table 24. Abbott Laboratories Corporate Information, Location and Competitors
Table 25. Abbott Laboratories Endocrine Peptides Test Major Business
Table 26. Abbott Laboratories Endocrine Peptides Test Total Revenue (USD Million) (2017-2018)
Table 27. Abbott Laboratories SWOT Analysis
Table 28. Abbott Laboratories Endocrine Peptides Test Product and Solutions
Table 29. Abbott Laboratories Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table 30. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (Million USD) by Players (2015-2020)
Table 31. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Share by Players (2015-2020)
Table 32. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (Million USD) by Regions (2015-2020)
Table 33. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Table 34. North America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
Table 35. North America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table 36. Europe Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (Million USD) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table 37. Asia-Pacific Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (Million USD) by Regions (2015-2020)
Table 38. South America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
Table 39. South America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table 40. Middle East and Africa Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (Million USD) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table 41. Middle East and Africa Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table 42. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2015-2020)
Table 43. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 44. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Forecast by Type (2021-2025)
Table 45. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue by Application (2015-2020)
Table 46. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Share by Application (2015-2020)
Table 47. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Forecast by Application (2021-2025)
Table 48. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (Million USD) Forecast by Regions (2021-2025)
List of Figures
Figure 1. Endocrine Peptides Test Picture
Figure 2. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share by Type in 2019
Figure 3. Estradiol (E2) Picture
Figure 4. Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAS) Picture
Figure 5. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Picture
Figure 6. Progesterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Picture
Figure 7. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Picture
Figure 8. Thyroid Prolactin Picture
Figure 9. Others Picture
Figure 10. Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure 11. Hospitals Picture
Figure 12. Physicians’ offices Picture
Figure 13. Commercial Laboratories Picture
Figure 14. Health Care Centers Picture
Figure 15. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 16. North America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 17. Europe Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 18. Asia-Pacific Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 19. South America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 20. Middle East and Africa Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 21. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 22. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Share by Players in 2019
Figure 23. Global Top 5 Players Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share in 2019
Figure 24. Global Top 10 Players Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share in 2019
Figure 25. Key Players Market Share Trend
Figure 26. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%) (2015-2020)
Figure 27. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure 28. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018
Figure 29. North America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 30. Europe Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 31. Asia-Pacific Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 32. South America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 33. Middle East and Africa Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 34. North America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure 35. North America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure 36. USA Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 37. Canada Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 38. Mexico Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 39. Europe Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure 40. Europe Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure 41. Germany Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 42. UK Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 43. France Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 44. Russia Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 45. Italy Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 46. Asia-Pacific Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure 47. Asia-Pacific Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure 48. China Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 49. Japan Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 50. Korea Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 51. India Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 52. Southeast Asia Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 53. South America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure 54. South America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure 55. Brazil Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 56. Argentina Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 57. Middle East and Africa Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure 58. Middle East and Africa Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure 59. Saudi Arabia Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 60. UAE Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 61. Egypt Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 62. South Africa Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 63. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Share by Type (2015-2020)
Figure 64. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Share by Type in 2019
Figure 65. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2025)
Figure 66. Global Estradiol (E2) Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 67. Global Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAS) Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 68. Global Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 69. Global Progesterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 70. Global Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 71. Global Thyroid Prolactin Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 72. Global Others Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 73. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Share by Application (2015-2020)
Figure 74. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Share by Application in 2019
Figure 75. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2025)
Figure 76. Global Hospitals Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 77. Global Physicians’ offices Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 78. Global Commercial Laboratories Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 79. Global Health Care Centers Revenue Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 80. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure 81. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue (Million USD) Forecast by Regions (2021-2025)
Figure 82. Global Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Share Forecast by Regions (2021-2025)
Figure 83. North America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure 84. Europe Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure 85. Asia-Pacific Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure 86. South America Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure 87. Middle East and Africa Endocrine Peptides Test Revenue Market Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure 88. Sales Channel: Direct Channel vs Indirect Channel