Gas Temporary Power is essential in daily life. In many situations, a rental Gas Temporary Power is the best solution to secure that power supply. Gas Temporary Power is able to provide and secure power for various types of demand and markets, like utilities and mining
According to our latest study, the global Gas Temporary Power market size was valued at USD million in 2022 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD million by 2029 with a CAGR of % during review period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
In China, Gas Temporary Power key players include Fudesen, Verypower, Chenlong Power, etc. Chinese top three players hold a share about 20%.
East Region is the largest market, with a share about 45%, followed by Western Region and Central Region, having a total share about 35 percent.
In terms of product, Natural Gas is the largest segment, with a share about 85%. And in terms of application, the largest application is Construction, followed by Oil and Gas, etc.
This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis for global Gas Temporary Power market. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are presented by company, by region & country, by Type and by Application. As the market is constantly changing, this report explores the competition, supply and demand trends, as well as key factors that contribute to its changing demands across many markets. Company profiles and product examples of selected competitors, along with market share estimates of some of the selected leaders for the year 2023, are provided.
Key Features:
Global Gas Temporary Power market size and forecasts, in consumption value ($ Million), 2018-2029
Global Gas Temporary Power market size and forecasts by region and country, in consumption value ($ Million), 2018-2029
Global Gas Temporary Power market size and forecasts, by Type and by Application, in consumption value ($ Million), 2018-2029
Global Gas Temporary Power market shares of main players, in revenue ($ Million), 2018-2023
The Primary Objectives in This Report Are:
To determine the size of the total market opportunity of global and key countries
To assess the growth potential for Gas Temporary Power
To forecast future growth in each product and end-use market
To assess competitive factors affecting the marketplace
This report profiles key players in the global Gas Temporary Power market based on the following parameters - company overview, production, value, price, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments. Key companies covered as a part of this study include Fudesen, Verypower and Chenlong Power. etc.
This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals, COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War Influence.
Market segmentation
Gas Temporary Power market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2018-2029, the growth among segments provide accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type and by Application. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.
Market segment by Type
Natural Gas
Methane Gas
Market segment by Application
Construction
Oil and Gas
Others
Market segment by players, this report covers
Fudesen
Verypower
Chenlong Power
Market segment by regions, regional analysis covers
North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Southeast Asia, Australia and Rest of Asia-Pacific)
South America (Brazil, Argentina and Rest of South America)
Middle East & Africa (Turkey, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Rest of Middle East & Africa)
The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 13 chapters:
Chapter 1, to describe Gas Temporary Power product scope, market overview, market estimation caveats and base year.
Chapter 2, to profile the top players of Gas Temporary Power, with revenue, gross margin and global market share of Gas Temporary Power from 2018 to 2023.
Chapter 3, the Gas Temporary Power competitive situation, revenue and global market share of top players are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
Chapter 4 and 5, to segment the market size by Type and application, with consumption value and growth rate by Type, application, from 2018 to 2029.
Chapter 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, to break the market size data at the country level, with revenue and market share for key countries in the world, from 2018 to 2023.and Gas Temporary Power market forecast, by regions, type and application, with consumption value, from 2024 to 2029.
Chapter 11, market dynamics, drivers, restraints, trends, Porters Five Forces analysis, and Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War
Chapter 12, the key raw materials and key suppliers, and industry chain of Gas Temporary Power.
Chapter 13, to describe Gas Temporary Power research findings and conclusion.
The base year for the study has been considered 2019, historic year 2014 and 2018, the forecast period considered is from 2020 to 2027. The regions analyzed for the market include North America, Europe, South America, Asia Pacific, and Middle East and Africa. These regions are further analyzed at the country-level. The study also includes attractiveness analysis of type, application and regions which are benchmarked based on their market size, growth rate and attractiveness in terms of present and future opportunity for understanding the future growth of the market.
Market is segmented on the basis:
The report offers in-depth analysis of driving factors, opportunities, restraints, and challenges for gaining the key insight of the market. The report emphasizes on all the key trends that play a vital role in the enlargement of the market from 2019 to 2026.
The report provides company profile of the key players operating in the market and a comparative analysis based on their business overviews industry offering, segment market share, regional presence, business strategies, innovations, mergers & acquisitions, recent developments, joint venture, collaborations, partnerships, SWOT analysis, and key financial information.
1 Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Gas Temporary Power
1.2 Market Estimation Caveats and Base Year
1.3 Classification of Gas Temporary Power by Type
1.3.1 Overview: Global Gas Temporary Power Market Size by Type: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029
1.3.2 Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Type in 2022
1.3.3 Natural Gas
1.3.4 Methane Gas
1.4 Global Gas Temporary Power Market by Application
1.4.1 Overview: Global Gas Temporary Power Market Size by Application: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029
1.4.2 Construction
1.4.3 Oil and Gas
1.4.4 Others
1.5 Global Gas Temporary Power Market Size & Forecast
1.6 Global Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Forecast by Region
1.6.1 Global Gas Temporary Power Market Size by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
1.6.2 Global Gas Temporary Power Market Size by Region, (2018-2029)
1.6.3 North America Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Prospect (2018-2029)
1.6.4 Europe Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Prospect (2018-2029)
1.6.5 Asia-Pacific Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Prospect (2018-2029)
1.6.6 South America Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Prospect (2018-2029)
1.6.7 Middle East and Africa Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Prospect (2018-2029)
2 Company Profiles
2.1 Fudesen
2.1.1 Fudesen Details
2.1.2 Fudesen Major Business
2.1.3 Fudesen Gas Temporary Power Product and Solutions
2.1.4 Fudesen Gas Temporary Power Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.1.5 Fudesen Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.2 Verypower
2.2.1 Verypower Details
2.2.2 Verypower Major Business
2.2.3 Verypower Gas Temporary Power Product and Solutions
2.2.4 Verypower Gas Temporary Power Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.2.5 Verypower Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.3 Chenlong Power
2.3.1 Chenlong Power Details
2.3.2 Chenlong Power Major Business
2.3.3 Chenlong Power Gas Temporary Power Product and Solutions
2.3.4 Chenlong Power Gas Temporary Power Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.3.5 Chenlong Power Recent Developments and Future Plans
3 Market Competition, by Players
3.1 Global Gas Temporary Power Revenue and Share by Players (2018-2023)
3.2 Market Share Analysis (2022)
3.2.1 Market Share of Gas Temporary Power by Company Revenue
3.2.2 Top 3 Gas Temporary Power Players Market Share in 2022
3.2.3 Top 6 Gas Temporary Power Players Market Share in 2022
3.3 Gas Temporary Power Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
3.3.1 Gas Temporary Power Market: Region Footprint
3.3.2 Gas Temporary Power Market: Company Product Type Footprint
3.3.3 Gas Temporary Power Market: Company Product Application Footprint
3.4 New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
3.5 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
4 Market Size Segment by Type
4.1 Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value and Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
4.2 Global Gas Temporary Power Market Forecast by Type (2024-2029)
5 Market Size Segment by Application
5.1 Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Application (2018-2023)
5.2 Global Gas Temporary Power Market Forecast by Application (2024-2029)
6 North America
6.1 North America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Type (2018-2029)
6.2 North America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Application (2018-2029)
6.3 North America Gas Temporary Power Market Size by Country
6.3.1 North America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
6.3.2 United States Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
6.3.3 Canada Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
6.3.4 Mexico Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
7 Europe
7.1 Europe Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Type (2018-2029)
7.2 Europe Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Application (2018-2029)
7.3 Europe Gas Temporary Power Market Size by Country
7.3.1 Europe Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
7.3.2 Germany Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
7.3.3 France Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
7.3.4 United Kingdom Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
7.3.5 Russia Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
7.3.6 Italy Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8 Asia-Pacific
8.1 Asia-Pacific Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Type (2018-2029)
8.2 Asia-Pacific Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Application (2018-2029)
8.3 Asia-Pacific Gas Temporary Power Market Size by Region
8.3.1 Asia-Pacific Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)
8.3.2 China Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.3 Japan Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.4 South Korea Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.5 India Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.6 Southeast Asia Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.7 Australia Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9 South America
9.1 South America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Type (2018-2029)
9.2 South America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Application (2018-2029)
9.3 South America Gas Temporary Power Market Size by Country
9.3.1 South America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
9.3.2 Brazil Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.3 Argentina Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
10 Middle East & Africa
10.1 Middle East & Africa Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Type (2018-2029)
10.2 Middle East & Africa Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Application (2018-2029)
10.3 Middle East & Africa Gas Temporary Power Market Size by Country
10.3.1 Middle East & Africa Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
10.3.2 Turkey Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
10.3.3 Saudi Arabia Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
10.3.4 UAE Gas Temporary Power Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11 Market Dynamics
11.1 Gas Temporary Power Market Drivers
11.2 Gas Temporary Power Market Restraints
11.3 Gas Temporary Power Trends Analysis
11.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis
11.4.1 Threat of New Entrants
11.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
11.4.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers
11.4.4 Threat of Substitutes
11.4.5 Competitive Rivalry
11.5 Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War
11.5.1 Influence of COVID-19
11.5.2 Influence of Russia-Ukraine War
12 Industry Chain Analysis
12.1 Gas Temporary Power Industry Chain
12.2 Gas Temporary Power Upstream Analysis
12.3 Gas Temporary Power Midstream Analysis
12.4 Gas Temporary Power Downstream Analysis
13 Research Findings and Conclusion
14 Appendix
14.1 Methodology
14.2 Research Process and Data Source
14.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Table 2. Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Table 3. Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 4. Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 5. Fudesen Company Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 6. Fudesen Major Business
Table 7. Fudesen Gas Temporary Power Product and Solutions
Table 8. Fudesen Gas Temporary Power Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 9. Fudesen Recent Developments and Future Plans
Table 10. Verypower Company Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 11. Verypower Major Business
Table 12. Verypower Gas Temporary Power Product and Solutions
Table 13. Verypower Gas Temporary Power Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 14. Verypower Recent Developments and Future Plans
Table 15. Chenlong Power Company Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 16. Chenlong Power Major Business
Table 17. Chenlong Power Gas Temporary Power Product and Solutions
Table 18. Chenlong Power Gas Temporary Power Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 19. Chenlong Power Recent Developments and Future Plans
Table 20. Global Gas Temporary Power Revenue (USD Million) by Players (2018-2023)
Table 21. Global Gas Temporary Power Revenue Share by Players (2018-2023)
Table 22. Breakdown of Gas Temporary Power by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
Table 23. Market Position of Players in Gas Temporary Power, (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), Based on Revenue in 2022
Table 24. Head Office of Key Gas Temporary Power Players
Table 25. Gas Temporary Power Market: Company Product Type Footprint
Table 26. Gas Temporary Power Market: Company Product Application Footprint
Table 27. Gas Temporary Power New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
Table 28. Gas Temporary Power Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
Table 29. Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (USD Million) by Type (2018-2023)
Table 30. Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Share by Type (2018-2023)
Table 31. Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Forecast by Type (2024-2029)
Table 32. Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Application (2018-2023)
Table 33. Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Forecast by Application (2024-2029)
Table 34. North America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Type (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 35. North America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Type (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 36. North America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Application (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 37. North America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Application (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 38. North America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 39. North America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 40. Europe Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Type (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 41. Europe Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Type (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 42. Europe Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Application (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 43. Europe Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Application (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 44. Europe Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 45. Europe Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 46. Asia-Pacific Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Type (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 47. Asia-Pacific Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Type (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 48. Asia-Pacific Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Application (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 49. Asia-Pacific Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Application (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 50. Asia-Pacific Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 51. Asia-Pacific Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 52. South America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Type (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 53. South America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Type (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 54. South America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Application (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 55. South America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Application (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 56. South America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 57. South America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 58. Middle East & Africa Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Type (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 59. Middle East & Africa Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Type (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 60. Middle East & Africa Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Application (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 61. Middle East & Africa Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Application (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 62. Middle East & Africa Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 63. Middle East & Africa Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 64. Gas Temporary Power Raw Material
Table 65. Key Suppliers of Gas Temporary Power Raw Materials
List of Figures
Figure 1. Gas Temporary Power Picture
Figure 2. Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 3. Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Type in 2022
Figure 4. Natural Gas
Figure 5. Methane Gas
Figure 6. Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 7. Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Application in 2022
Figure 8. Construction Picture
Figure 9. Oil and Gas Picture
Figure 10. Others Picture
Figure 11. Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value, (USD Million): 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 12. Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value and Forecast (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 13. Global Market Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (USD Million) Comparison by Region (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
Figure 14. Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 15. Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Region in 2022
Figure 16. North America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 17. Europe Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 18. Asia-Pacific Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 19. South America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 20. Middle East and Africa Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 21. Global Gas Temporary Power Revenue Share by Players in 2022
Figure 22. Gas Temporary Power Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) in 2022
Figure 23. Global Top 3 Players Gas Temporary Power Market Share in 2022
Figure 24. Global Top 6 Players Gas Temporary Power Market Share in 2022
Figure 25. Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Share by Type (2018-2023)
Figure 26. Global Gas Temporary Power Market Share Forecast by Type (2024-2029)
Figure 27. Global Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Share by Application (2018-2023)
Figure 28. Global Gas Temporary Power Market Share Forecast by Application (2024-2029)
Figure 29. North America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 30. North America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 31. North America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 32. United States Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 33. Canada Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 34. Mexico Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 35. Europe Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 36. Europe Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 37. Europe Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 38. Germany Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 39. France Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 40. United Kingdom Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 41. Russia Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 42. Italy Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 43. Asia-Pacific Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 44. Asia-Pacific Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 45. Asia-Pacific Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 46. China Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 47. Japan Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 48. South Korea Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 49. India Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 50. Southeast Asia Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 51. Australia Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 52. South America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 53. South America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 54. South America Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 55. Brazil Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 56. Argentina Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 57. Middle East and Africa Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 58. Middle East and Africa Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 59. Middle East and Africa Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 60. Turkey Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 61. Saudi Arabia Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 62. UAE Gas Temporary Power Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 63. Gas Temporary Power Market Drivers
Figure 64. Gas Temporary Power Market Restraints
Figure 65. Gas Temporary Power Market Trends
Figure 66. Porters Five Forces Analysis
Figure 67. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Gas Temporary Power in 2022
Figure 68. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Gas Temporary Power
Figure 69. Gas Temporary Power Industrial Chain
Figure 70. Methodology
Figure 71. Research Process and Data Source